福建中立恒自动化设备有限公司

1．输入/输出单元

输入/输出单元通常也称I/O单元或I/O模块，是PLC与工业生产现场之间的连接部件。

PLC通过输入接口可以检测被控对象的各种数据，以这些数据作为PLC对被控制对象进行控制的依据；同时PLC又通过输出接口将处理结果送给被控制对象，以实现控制目的。

由于外部输入设备和输出设备所需的信号电平是多种多样的，而PLC内部CPU的处理的信息只能是标准电平，所以I/O接口要实现这种转换。

I/O接口一般都具有光电隔离和滤波功能，以提高PLC的抗干扰能力。另外，I/O接口上通常还有状态指示，工作状况直观，便于维护。

PLC提供了多种操作电平和驱动能力的I/O接口，有各种各样功能的I/O接口供用户选用。I/O接口的主要类型有：数字量（开关量）输入、数字量（开关量）输出、模拟量输入、模拟量输出等。

常用的开关量输入接口按其使用的电源不同有三种类型：直流输入接口、交流输入接口和交/直流输入接口。

常用的开关量输出接口按输出开关器件不同有三种类型：是继电器输出、晶体管输出和双向晶闸管输出。

继电器输出接口可驱动交流或直流负载，但其响应时间长，动作频率低；而晶体管输出和双向晶闸管输出接口的响应速度快，动作频率高，但前者只能用于驱动直流负载，后者只能用于交流负载。

PLC的I/O接口所能接受的输入信号个数和输出信号个数称为PLC输入/输出（I/O）点数。I/O点数是选择PLC的重要依据之一。当系统的I/O点数不够时，可通过PLC的I/O扩展接口对系统进行扩展。

2．通信接口

PLC配有各种通信接口，这些通信接口一般都带有通信处理器。

PLC通过这些通信接口可与监视器、打印机、其它PLC、计算机等设备实现通信。

PLC与打印机连接，可将过程信息、系统参数等输出打印；与监视器连接，可将控制过程图像显示出来；与其它PLC连接，可组成多机系统或连成网络，实现更大规模控制。

与计算机连接，可组成多级分布式控制系统，实现控制与管理相结合。远程I/O系统也必须配备相应的通信接口模块。

3．智能接口模块

智能接口模块是一独立的计算机系统，它有自己的CPU、系统程序、存储器以及与PLC系统总线相连的接口。

它作为PLC系统的一个模块，通过总线与PLC相连，进行数据交换，并在PLC的协调管理下独立地进行工作。

PLC的智能接口模块种类很多，如：高速计数模块、闭环控制模块、运动控制模块、中断控制模块等。

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